4. Lower Carbon Hydrogen
The organizers invite papers and posters on the production, transport, storage, and use of low-carbon hydrogen, including hydrogen produced with or without CCUS and its impacts on gas infrastructure and end-use systems. Submissions should highlight technological advances in hydrogen production pathways, grid integration, system readiness, and operational challenges.

The Lower Carbon Hydrogen stream will bring together professionals involved in development and implementation of research, development, innovation and new technical solutions. We invite abstracts that address advancements, challenges, and emerging opportunities in the following areas:
Low-Carbon Hydrogen Production:
Innovations in production technologies, options to further reduce emissions from natural gas derived hydrogen, and process optimization.
Infrastructure Integration & System Readiness:
Repurposing and preparing existing gas networks, hydrogen impact mitigation, pressure regulation and control, and readiness assessments for distribution assets (materials, joints, PE pipes, regulators, control valves) including retrofitting strategies for existing systems.
Hydrogen Blending in Gas Grids:
Blending limits, interoperability, impacts based on network characteristics, and implications for resilience and end-use equipment.
End-Use Applications:
Performance, safety, and efficiency of appliances and industrial systems using pure or blended hydrogen.
Emissions & Safety:
Hydrogen leakage, climate impact, and advancements in detection and odorization (THT performance, alternative odorants, supplementary leak detection).
Storage & Subsurface Solutions:
Storage in caverns, depleted fields, aquifers, and considerations for subsurface hydrogen behavior.
Metering & Measurement:
Accurate measurement of hydrogen blends, energy content determination, volume correction, and billing system adaptation.